Rosetta & Philae Mac OS

1. Rosetta Stone
2. Rosetta & Philae Mac Os X

For individual operating system tips of affected operating systems, see the tips in these links: 10.4, 10.5, 10.6,10.7, 10.8, 10.9, 10.10,10.11,10.12, 10.13, and 10.1410.6.8 and earlier users wanting to upgrade need to read this tip in its entirety.Systems discussed on this tip include: 10.5 Leopard, 10.6 Snow Leopard, 10.7 Lion, 10.8 Mountain Lion, 10.9 Mavericks, 10.10 Yosemite, 10.11 El Capitan, 10.12 Sierra, 10.13 High Sierra, 10.14 Mojave. Their code names will be referred to when the info apply to all versions of those systems

As of last writing of this tip, the only available upgrades to 10.6.6 are 10.6.7, 10.6.8, 10.7, and you can take 10.7 up to 10.7.5 Combo, Supplemental update, and 10.7.5 Security Update 2014-004 followed by 10.7.5 Bash update. The only available upgrades to 10.6.8 are 10.7, 10.8,and 10.11,10.7.5 users can go up to Mac OS 10.12 Sierra. (available again link added on 10/1/2018)or via 10.11 then upgrade to 10.13.10.8 users and higher can go to Mac OS 10.13 High Sierra (is still available as of 9/30/2018)10.11 users and higher can go to Mac OS 10.14 Mojave.

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The only Snow Leopard compatible Mac that is compatible also with Mojave is the Mac Pro 5,1 with specific graphics cards. Look at the Mojave tip for more information. There are no Catalina (Mac OS 10.15) compatible Macs also compatible with Snow Leopard.

Snek3d mac os.

While you may need 10.7.5 to upgrade to Sierra, and 10.8 to High Sierra, a few Macs which shipped new with 10.6.1 or later, may be updated to 10.7, then 10.7.5 to get to Sierra, or 10.8 to High Sierra. This tip below discusses how to upgrade from 10.4.4 through 10.6.8 to 10.7 or later.

10.8 can be taken up to 10.8.5. 10.9, and 10.10 are not available anymore from the App Store unless you previously purchased it or your Mac shipped with it, however their free updates are still available.10.9 can be taken to 10.9.5, 10.10 to 10.10.5, and 10.11 to 10.11.6.

10.6.8 can be taken to 10.11, but not without following the guidelines below to assure compatibility.

If you find you are compatible only with those operating systems, you may be able to discuss with App Store or AppleCare to get those available for you. First though continue reading this tip as you may not be able to get past 10.6.8 without jumping through many hoops. Note if you update to 10.11, iPhoto and certain printer and scanner drivers may no longer be available.

Rosetta, the application you never knew you had, is gone starting with Mac OS X 10.7 (Lion, Mountain Lion, Mavericks, Yosemite, El Capitan, and Sierra all lack it).

It is not in any shape or form related to the language translation teaching tool by the same name.

It is the background program that lets Intel Macs run applications written for Mac OS X at a timewhen PowerPC Macs were the only thing around (before 2006). It is no longer there to enable their ability to run when you upgrade to the newer systems.It also means that programs with older installer programs may need updating as well, so verify the system requirements do not lackMac OS X 10.7 or later, or drag their installer program into the Applications folder to verify they aren't for PowerPC only.

You'll see later how to determine that with the System Profiler program.

Go to Apple menu -> About This Mac to determine exactly what you have. Alternatively:See https://discussions.apple.com/docs/DOC-6413 to identify your Mac.See https://discussions.apple.com/docs/DOC-2295 if migrating data from a PowerPC Mac to an Intel Mac.

G3 without USB is maxed at 10.2.8, except for the Powerbook G3 250 original Powerbook G3 (also known as Kanga), which could onlybe updated to Mac OS 9.1 (not to be confused with Mac OS X 10.9.1, which is 13 years newer).G3 without Firewire, but with USB are maxed at 10.3.9, except the Powerbook G3 Lombard (Bronze Keyboard) which may have CPU specific issues that limitits upgradeability at all.G3 or G4 of 800 Mhz or less with Firewire are maxed at 10.4.11.PowerPC Macs G4 867 Mhz (on single processor) and above (1 Ghz or higher included), and G5s can upgrade only to Mac OS X 10.5.8, and only support for syncing with iOS 5.x devices and earlier.Intel CoreSolo and Intel CoreDuo can upgrade only to Mac OS X 10.6.8 if they have at least 1 GB of RAM (768 MB is less). This does offer for anyone in the position compatibility with PowerPC applications that don't require drivers, and the latest Adobe Flash support as of May 14, 2014, and support for syncing with iOS 7 devices. For more on iOS support and Mac OS X syncing, see this tip:iTunes/Mac OS/iOS compatibility

Intel Core2Duo and XEON and later (Core i3, i5, i7 are all later models) may be able to go 10.4.4 to 10.6 to 10.6.8 to 10.9 to 10.9.2, or even up to 10.10 and 10.11 (skipping 10.5 to 10.5.8 altogether, and 10.7 to 10.8.5 altogether), as will later be explained. 10.6.8 may also be upgraded directly to 10.10. However, due to Rosetta's lack of existence in 10.7 and later, this type of upgrade, and any such upgrade that does not skip the aforementioned operating systems needs to be planned carefully. This tip explains what is needed to approach such upgrade pattern once it reaches 10.7 or later.

It does mean your data if it was in Appleworks, or an older version of Quicken mayneed to go through several conversion steps before you can upgrade to a newer Mac OS X.

It does mean that some newer Macs than July 19, 2011 will be faced with difficulty when approaching older applications. That date is later for some Mac models that did not receive a hardware revision until a later date than July 20, 2011, and that will also be explained later.

Rosetta Stone

Some things you get with 10.7 and higher, specifically 10.7.3 and higher, are better compatibility with Java for websites from http://www.java.com/, Apple's iCloud , and iChat. I don't recommend everyone with 10.7 though to upgrade to 10.7.5, as some things may not work better until 10.8 or later.If your machine is limited to 10.7, stick with 10.7.3 unless you require other compatibility that is only on 10.7.4 or 10.7.5. Those with 10.6.8 or earlier running Java should read this tip:https://discussions.apple.com/docs/DOC-5532 Zynga poker complaints.

Adobe Flash compatibility with older Macs is discussed here, though if you can run at least 10.6.8, you can run the latest Flash:https://discussions.apple.com/thread/4781929

Now this doesn't mean you can't upgrade to 10.7 or later, if you have those older applications, but the workarounds aren't easy,as this tip on virtualizing 10.6 server on 10.7 or later demonstrates. Applications that aren't on this link as 10.7 or later compatible, may only work with the workaround. Alternatively a second hard drive with 10.6.8 or earlier, or second partition with 10.6.8or earlier if supported by the Mac will enable you to continue to use Rosetta. Mac models whose hardware changed (by Apple delivering a new set of hardware to stores) as of July 20, 2011 or later though have to deal with the first work around as their only choice.

The System Profiler application lets you quickly determine if you have PowerPC applications (click on image to enlarge):Note the triangle to the left of Software has to be pointed down for the Applications to become visible.Note the right hand side of the the Applications listing when selected says if you have PowerPC, Classic, Intel, or Universal.PowerPC & Classic indicate PowerPC only. Classic indicates it only runs on a PowerPC with Mac OS 9 running in the Classic environment

or booting into Mac OS 9.

Another way to tell applications are PowerPC only when you have already booted into 10.7 or later, requiring Rosetta, or a different operating system, is their icon in the Dock will have a Do not Enter sign like below:

This icon overlay only works for those applications that specifically have been tested to not work in the operating system being booted into, and clearly need a component of a different operating system. I've seen this happen as much to 10.10 applications that don't work in 10.9 while booted into 10.9, as 10.8 applications and 10.6 applications that don't work in 10.10 while booted into 10.10. The lack of this overlay though does not mean an application is necessarily compatible.

Before you upgrade to 10.6, be aware of this tip.Before you upgrade to 10.7 or later, also be aware of the info on this tip.

If everything is good, you can do the following upgrade path:

10.4.4 (on Apple Mac with Intel CPU) or later to 10.6 retail to 10.6.6 combo to 10.7 (paid) to 10.7.5 combo (free).

10.4.4 (on Apple Mac with Intel CPU) or later to 10.6 retail to 10.6.8 combo to 10.8 (paid) or 10.11 free.10.8 can be updated to 10.8.5 combo (free) as well.

An empty hard drive to 10.6 retail, then the above the 10.6.6 or 10.6.8 paths, or 10.7 USB Flash (no longer available) to 10.8 or 10.11 are also possibilities.

Note: The only 10.4 systems that can upgrade to 10.8 through 10.11 are on this tip Are there 10.4 systems that can upgrade to 10.11The only 10.5 systems that can upgrade to 10.8 through 10.11 are on this tip:Which 10.5 systems can upgrade to 10.11?The links provided should be followed to avoid any pitfalls you may get.

Lastly, Apple lists compatible printers for 10.6 and later:

Rosetta & Philae Mac Os X

Any not listed, will have to come from the vendor directly.

Apple provides updates to the printers on that link through these links by vendor:

HP, Ricoh, Canon, Epson, Brother,Lexmark, Samsung, and Fuji/Xerox

P.S. Users with PowerMac G3, G4, G5 reading this tip should also read the migration guide before migrating data from those machines to an Intel Mac.

* An erase of the hard drive during partitioning is usually only required when you have insufficient space. With sufficient space, partitioning can be done without erasing as described here:

under 'Create new partitions on a disk.' You should backup regardless.

10.6.8 has the following security updates: 10.6.8 2013 Security Update 004, 2013-005 Java update (note Java is not current until Mac OS X 10.7.3 from Java.com)and can be updated to 10.8 Mountain Lion through 10.11 El CapitanEl Capitan System (10.11) requirements for upgrade10.7.5 has this security update:10.7.5 Security Update 2014-004 followed by 10.7.5 Bash update,and can be updated to 10.12 Sierra.10.8 can be upgraded to High Sierra on certain Mac Models.

Escape from a moon mac os. 10.8.5 has this security update: 2015-006 Mountain Lion Security Update10.9.5 has this security update: 2015-008 Security update10.10.5 has this security update: 2016-001 Security update and may have others on Apple security updates - Apple Support in the future.

The only Macs that shipped with 10.6.8 or earlier than can run 10.14 Mojave are certain Mac Pros with specific graphics cards.

Lastly, for those with Microsoft Office versions that are too old, there are these alternatives:

NSSDCA/COSPAR ID: 2004-006A

Description

Rosetta is European Space Agency (ESA) Horizon 2000 cornerstone mission number 3 designed to rendezvous with Comet 67 P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, drop a probe on the surface, study the comet from orbit, and fly by at least one asteroid en route. Youtube casino slots 2015. The principal goals are to study the origin of comets, the relationship between cometary and interstellar material and its implications with regard to the origin of the solar system. Its scientific objectives to achieve these goals are: global characterization of the nucleus, determination of dynamic properties, surface morphology and composition; determination of the chemical, mineralogical and isotopic compositions of volatiles and refractories in a cometary nucleus; determination of the physical properties and interrelation of volatiles and refractories in a cometary nucleus; study of the development of cometary activity and the processes in the surface layer of the nucleus and the inner coma (dust/gas interaction); global characterisation of asteroids, including determination of dynamic properties, surface morphology and composition.

Spacecraft and Subsystems

Rosetta's design is based on a box-shaped central frame, 2.8 m x 2.1 m x 2.0 m with an aluminum honeycomb main platform. Total launch mass is 3000 kg including the 100 kg lander and 165 kg of scientific instruments. Two solar panels, 32 square meters each, extend outward from opposite sides of the box, spanning 32 m tip-to-tip. The spacecraft consists of two primary modules, the Payload Support Module (PSM), which holds the scientific instrumentation and two payload boom deployment mechanisms in the top part of the frame, and the Bus Support Module (BSM), which holds the spacecraft subsystems in the lower part. A steerable 2.2 m diameter high-gain parabolic dish antenna is attached to one side, and the lander will be mounted on the opposite side. The science instrument panel is mounted on the top and designed to be facing the comet continuously during orbit while the antenna and solar panels face the Earth and Sun. Radiators and louvers are mounted on the back and side panels which face away from the Sun and comet. In the center of the spacecraft protruding from the bottom is a vertical thrust tube made of corrugated aluminum with strengthening rings.

The thrust tube provides the propulsion for primary maneuvers and contains two 1106-liter propellant tanks, the upper one containing propellant and the lower one oxidizer. A total of 660 kg of propellant (bipropellant monomethyl hydrazine) and 1060 kg of oxidizer (nitrogen tetroxide) is necessary to provide 2200 m/s delta-V over the course of the mission. The launch mass of the craft including fuel is 2900 kg. There are also four 35-liter pressurant tanks. The spacecraft will be three-axis stabilized and the orientation controlled by 24 10-N thrusters. Attitude is maintained using two star trackers, a Sun sensor, navigation cameras, and three laser gyro packages. Power is supplied by the solar arrays, which will be composed of low intensity, low temperature Si or GaAs solar cells. These will provide 400 W at 5.2 AU and 850 W at 3.4 AU, when comet operations begin. Power will be stored in four 10 Ahr NiCd batteries which will supply the 28 V bus power. Communications will be via the high-gain antenna, a fixed 0.8 meter medium-gain antenna, and two omnidirectional low gain antennas. Rosetta will utilize an S-band telecommand uplink and S- and X-band telemetry and science-data downlinks, with data transmission rates from 5 to 20 kbits/s. Communication equipment includes a 28 W RF X-band TWTA and a dual 5 watt RF S/X band transponder. On-board heaters will keep the instrumentation from freezing during the period the spacecraft is far from the Sun. Total scientific payload mass is roughly 150 kg.

Philae Lander

The Rosetta lander, Philae, will be attached to the side of the Rosetta spacecraft and released some time after Rosetta achieves orbit around the comet. For more information on Philae, see:

Mission Profile

Rosetta was launched at 07:17 UT on 02 March 2004 on an Ariane 5 G+ from Kourou, French Guiana. The spacecraft entered heliocentric orbit and had an Earth flyby and gravity assist on 4 March 2005. A Mars flyby/gravity assist followed on 25 February 2007, and two more Earth gravity assists on 13 November 2007 and 13 November 2009. In between these Earth flybys, on 5 September 2008 at 18:58 UTC, Rosetta flew within 800 km of asteroid 2867 Steins at a relative velocity of 8.6 km/s. Steins is a main belt E-type asteroid 4.6 km in diameter. After the second Earth flyby the spacecraft entered the main asteroid belt for the second time and flew by asteroid 21 Lutetia at a distance of 3000 km and a speed of 15 km/s on 10 July 2010. Lutetia is a large asteroid, about 100 km in diameter. The spacecraft entered a hibernation phase in June of 2011. On 20 January 2014 Rosetta came out of hibernation and began its rendezvous manuever for Comet Churyumov-Gerasimenko in May 2014. Rosetta made its rendezvous with the comet on 6 August 2014.

The rendezvous maneuver lowered the spacecraft velocity relative to that of the comet to roughly 25 m/s and put it into the near comet drift phase. Some time after this observations of the comet and the far approach trajectory phase will start. At the end of this ~90 day phase, the relative velocity between Rosetta and the comet had been reduced to 2 m/s, at a distance of about 300 comet nucleus radii. At this point landmarks and radiometric measurements were used to make a precise determination of spacecraft and comet relative positions and velocities and the rotation and gravity of the comet nucleus to fine-tune the approach. This information was used to start orbit insertion at about 60 comet radii distance at a few cm/s. At about 25 comet radii a capture maneuver closed the orbit. Polar orbits at 5 to 25 comet nucleus radii were used for mapping the nucleus beginning in August 2014.

Using the information gathered from orbit, a landing site was chosen for the Philae lander. An ejection mechanism separated Philae from the spacecraft with a maximum relative velocity up to 1.5 m/s in November 2014. The lander hit the surface at a relative velocity of about 1 m/s at 15:34 UT on 12 November 2014, but the thruster and harpoons failed and it bounced twice before coming to rest in a shaded area. It transmitted data from the surface to the spacecraft, which relayed it to Earth, until the battery gave out. Last transmission ended at 00:36 UT on 15 November. Eight intermittent contacts were made between 13 June and 9 July 2015. The increased heating of the comet forced Rosetta to raise its orbit to a safe distance from the comet nucleus. Following perihelion in August 2015, as the comet moved away from the Sun activity began to diminish and Rosetta was able to lower its orbit. It moved to a 170 km periapse on 12 November 2015. Attempts at contact with Philae were attempted from this closer position, but were unsuccessful. Rosetta remained in orbit about the comet past perihelion passage on 13 August 2015 and ended the mission on 30 September 2016 with a controlled impact on the comet's surface at 11:19 UT.

Rosetta is funded by the European Space Agency. The total cost of the mission, including launch and operation was about $900 million before the launch delay. The mission was originally to rendezvous with Comet 46 P/Wirtanen. Flybys of two asteroids, 4979 Otawara and 140 Siwa, on the way to the comet were also planned. The mission was delayed due to problems with the Ariane booster. The delay has reportedly cost an extra $70 to $80 million.

Spacecraft image copyright ESA.

Alternate Names

• International Rosetta Mission
• Rosetta Comet Rendezvous
• Rosetta-Orbiter

Facts in Brief

Launch Date: 2004-03-02
Launch Vehicle: Ariane 5
Launch Site: Kourou, French Guiana
Mass: 1200 kg
Nominal Power: 850 W

Funding Agency

• European Space Agency (International)

Discipline

• Planetary Science

Additional Information

Questions and comments about this spacecraft can be directed to: Dr. David R. Williams

Personnel

Selected References

• Neugebauer, M., and J.-P. Bibring, Champollion, Adv. Space Res., 21, No. 11, 1567-1575, 1998.
• Trotignon, J. G., et al., The Rosetta Plasma Consortium: Technical realization and scientific aims, Adv. Space Res., 24, No. 9, 1149-1158, June 1999.
• Ferri, P., Mission operations for the new Rosetta, Acta Astronaut., 58, No. 2, 105-111, Jan. 2006.
• Montagnon, E., and P. Ferri, Rosetta on its way to the outer solar system, Acta Astronaut., 59, No. 1-5, 301-309, Sept. 2006.
• Glassmeier, K.-H., et al., The Rosetta Mission: Flying Towards the Origin of the Solar System, Space Sci. Rev., 128, 1-21, doi:10.1007/s11214-006-9140-8, 2007.
• Lamy, P. L., et al., A Portrait of the Nucleus of Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, Space Sci. Rev., 128, 23-66, doi:10.1007/s11214-007-9146-x, 2007.
• Barucci, M. A., et al., Rosetta Asteroid Targets: 2867 Steins and 21 Lutetia, Space Sci. Rev., 128, 67-78, doi:10.1007/s11214-006-9029-6, 2007.